Lubricating system for reciprocating machines



Oct. 6, 1936. K. E. KYLEN I LUBRICATING SYSTEM FOR RECIPROCATING MACHINES ltrllllllflflll/IIIIZr'lflllllIIllllilfflflllflfllllii 2 SheetsSheet 2 Filed NOV. 3, 1932 .91 INVENTOR 75 90 AC RL [R/K/(YL av I W ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 6, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFlCE f wimrca'rmo SYSTEM FOR aaorraocarmc MACHINES Application November 3, 1932, Serial No. 640,952 In Sweden November 4, 1931 8 Claims.

The present invention relates to lubricating systems for reciprocating-machines and consists mainly in the provision of a closed channel connecting the crank pin bearing with the cylinder wall, through which channel oil from the bearing is conducted to the cylinder. special form of the invention the closed channel passes through and includes the gudgeon pin bearing, or the cross head bearing, and is extended through the crank to connect with one or more of the crank shaft bearings.

One object of my invention is to provide a lubricating system which will avoid the drawbacks connected with splash lubrication from the crank chamber. All the bearings, and the cylinder, are lubricated with fresh, unsoiled oil free from abrasive particles,- which in the ordinary lubricating systems are carried into the oil supply along with oil from the cylinder, and free from water, soot and the like from the combustion gases of internal combustion engines.

Another object of my invention is, therefore, to diminish the wear on the movable parts of the machine.

A further object of my invention is to provide a reliable method of lubricating the cylinder, and one in which lubricant will be supplied to the cylinder during the whole stroke of the piston.

This provides a more effective lubricating of the cylinder, and especially the upper part thereof. According to the invention oil is supplied to the lubricating system only in the amount required, and all refilling of oil in the crank chamber, with attendant disadvantages, is avoided. A considerable saving in lubricant is thereby obtained, as, when refilling oil in the crank chamber, considerable quantities of oil which have not entirely lost their lubricating value must be sacrificed with the spoiled 011. Finally the expenseand trouble attendant on a change of oil are avoided. I

Other objects of the invention and details of construction will be set forth and fully explained in the description which follows:

The accompanying drawings illustrate several forms of the invention.

Figure 1 is a vertical section through the cylinder and crank chamber of a motor and in which the cylinder is lubricated with oil from one of the main anti-friction bearings and the crank pin anti-friction bearing, the channel for conducting the oil to the cylinder passing through the gudgeon pin anti-friction bearing. One of the main bearings is, in the illustration, intended to be lubricated with grease.

According to a Figure 2 shows a section through the piston and cylinder of a motor in which the cylinder is lubricated partly from the gudgeon bearing and partly from the crank pin bearing, through the hollowgudgeon pin.

Figure 3 shows on a large scale a pumping device for raising oil to the cylinder and Figures 4 and 5 show other forms of crank pin hearings.

in the form of the invention 1 the crank shaft 6| is mounted in roller bearings 62 and 63, of which the bearing 52 is lubricated with grease, which is pre ented from escaping to the crank chamber by a s ield 64. In order to permit of the application of the anti-friction bearing illustrated on the crank the crank shaft is of built-up type. The crank pin 65 is for this reason made hollow and is fixed to the webs 66 by means of plugs 61 and 68, driven into the crank pin. One of the plugs 68 nearest the bear-. ing 63 is provided, with a through channel 69 which at its outer end opens into a lubricating ring 10. On the crank pin is mounted a roller bearing comprising an outer race ll, an inner race 12, and two sets of rollers 13. The outer 25 race is provided'with inwardly directed flanges 14, the inner cylindrical surfaces of which very nearly engage the outer cylindrical surfaces of guiding and sealing rings 15, applied between the inner race 12 and the webs 66. The interior of the crank pin communicates through a radially arranged channel IS with a circular distributing channel 11, formed in the bearing race 12. A number of radial holes I8 lead from the channel 11 to the interior of the bearing. A ring 19 is located between the sets of rollers and serves the dual purpose of guiding the rollers and distributing the oil entering through the holes 18 betweenthe sets of rollers. vA number of radial holes are arranged in the outer race of the bearing opening into annular collecting channel 8|. The oil is rai ed from the channel 8|, through a' hole 82 in the connecting .rod big end, by a pump device, being mounted in the cylinder llll formed in the connecting rod '85. One 45 of the valves 84 is shown mounted direct in the connecting rod 85 for op \ingand closing a channel 86 upon movement'of the piston 83. Oil

entering the housing 88 of the bearing 63 through the opening 81, after having lubricated the bear- 59 ing 63, collects in the lubricating ring 10 and enters the crank -pin through the opening 69. The oil then passes through the hole 16 to the distributing channel 11, and further through the radial channels 1:, to the bearing. After having 55 illustrated in Fig. 10 I lubricated the crank pin bearing the oil passes through the radial channels ll and thecollecting channel I to the hole 82, from which it is raised by means of the pump device in the connecting rod to the channel. From this channelthe oil fiows further to the gudgeon pin bearing or cross head bearing 4-! and to the cylinder, being prevented from passing back to the crank pin by ball I seating against seat I. On the return stroke of the piston I! the oil is trapped in channel 06, 06a and lib by the action of the valve .4

and finds its way \mder the influence of further injections of oilinto channel ll.

A second non-return valveis arranged at the end of the liner illll adjacent the hole I! and comprising a ball to: dis between a seating I and crosspiece ll! havinga center-hole Ill communicating with the interior of the pump cylinder.

In addition as the piston 83 moves downwards, a mixture of oil and air willbe drawn" through the port it! at the right into the cylinder Ill and will be pressed outwards and upwards '.through the ports "2 and Illa when the piston moves upwards again. A part of the oil mist andair will be trapped in that part of the cylinder above the cross passages. Due to the elasticity of this mixture it acts as a cushion which prevents the piston from hitting the top of the cylinder. A similar effect is obtained'at the bottom of the cylinder as mixture is also trapped below the port "2b as the piston moves downwards. This cushioning effect is obtained by 10- distance from the ends of eating the ports at a An 'altemati've pumping device for raising the oil from the crank pin bearing to the gudgeon pin bearing and the cylinder is illustrated in Fig.

3. Raising means, comprising a ball valve and a pumping device, are provided for this purpose on the connecting rod. The ball valve comprises a ball 21 which is pressed against a valve seat 2! by a spring 20. The valve seat 2! is formed in asleeve Ii screwed into the connecting rod 3|.

A plug 32 is screwed into the sleeve II and is provided with axially extending channels 33 through which the oil passes. The plug 31 serves also to hold the spring 28 in position. During the movelnentof the connecting rod the ball will be alternately lifted from, and pressed against the valve seat, and oil will be raised through the opening 14 past the ball and up into the channels it and further into the channel 35. A special pump device is provided to aid in lifting the oil past the ball 21 and to raise-itfurtber. vice comprises a cylindrical body or piston II having a through channel 36 and a ball valve 31. The piston 38 is axially slidable in a cylinder 39 and will be thrown up and down in the cylinder upon the movement of the connecting rod. In

order to damp the shocks projections II and 42 are arranged at the ends of the'piston. These projections alternately close .the channels ll and 40, thus forming air cushions in the annular spaces 43 and 44. Upon the upward movement of the piston 3| a mixture of air and oil is drawn past ball 21. into the channel 35. At the same time the air and oil already in the chamber-ll and the channel II is forced upwards to the gudgeon pin bearing and the cylinder. In order to permit the air and oil to escape from the chammer 44 a cross channel I is provided communicating with the channel It. The area of the channel 45 is sumciently small not to seriously im'oede with the air cushioning. Upon downvalve 31.

drawback is, ,however, avoided The pump deward movement of the piston a the air and oil is pressed from the channel ll past the ball The whole device, therefore, forms a pump driven by the dynamic forces generated upon the movement of the connecting rod. The device whole channel above this valve must, be filled with oil before any oil will be supplied to the cylinder. If the channel is empty, which will be the case when the machine is started after having stood still some time, it would require some raises the oil quickly to the cylinder. 11', on the a other hand, only-a ball valve 21 is provided, the

time before the oil reached the cylinder. This with the. above mentioned pump device.

The channel II is either connected to the gudgeon pin bearing, as shown in Fig. l, or to the gudgeon pin bearing housing 4.. Oil is conducted 1 to' the bearing through the channel 89, and after having lubricated the gudgeon pin bearing 41, passes out through one or more closed channels 48 to the cylinder wall 40. The channel It may be formed either in the piston II as shown, or

in the gudgeon pin Ii, or both. Toprevent the hollow gudgeon pin, as shown in Fig. 2. The first mentioned alternative is most suitable when oil from leaking out. at the 101131. betweenthe gudgeon pin bearing housing and the piston a seat is provided, comprising asealing ring 52 carried by a cylindrical seat in the piston. The sealing ring I! is pressed against the connecting rod by springs 53. The air and oil raised bythe pump device pass through grooves II extending axially along the piston to grooves I! extending around the circumference of the piston, from which the airpasses back into the piston through the holes '0. v

In the form of the invention illustrated in Fig. 2 the gudgeon pin bearings 54 and I are contained in the piston. Lubricant enters the hollow gudgeon pin through a hole 58 from the channel ll. Part of the lubricant then passes directly to the cylinder and part through holes 51 to the gudgeon pin arings, from which a part of it finally finds its way to the piston.

Figure 4 shows in its upper and its lower halves respectively two forms of the invention. In these forms the' inner bearing ring 12, the distributing channel 11, the radial channel I. and the rings II of the Figure Mom of construction have been dispensed with, the rollers ll being shown as rolling directlyon the crankpin I.

' In the form illustrated in the upper half of the figure, the fianges H are shown formed in one piece with the outer race II and as having sealing-surfaces adjacent the crankpin "5. In the form shown in the lower half of the figure, the fianges H- are shown as parts formed separate from the outer race 1|. v

Figure 5 illustrates in its upper and its lower halves respectively, two forms of the invention. In these forms sealing rings II have been"ei'-' tended to the inner cylindrical.surfaceof,the outer bearing race H. In the form illustrated in the lower half of the figure, special sealing rings Sll are provided which are pressed against the webs l by means of springs 9|. The sealing rings so therefore have sealing surfaces abut- 75- substantially the same manner as it does in the Figure 1 construction.

The invention is not confined to the forms iilustrated, but can be applied in a number of ways without departing from the spirit of the invention. In machines havinga piston rod and cross head the oil may be supplied to, the cross head bearing instead of to the gudgeon pin bearing. The oil may then be supplied to the cylinder from the cross head bearing through channels in the piston rod and piston.

I claim: 1

1. In a lubricating system for reciprocating these parts and having a surface forming one side of a channel extending along the gudgeon pin, and spring means serving to press the'said sealing device against its seat.

2. In a lubricating system for reciprocating machines, the combination with a frame having a piston cylinder, of a piston furnished with a gudgeon pin and mounted in the cylinder, an antifriction bearing on the gudgeon pin, a connecting rod having a portion surrounding such antifriction bearing, and a sealing device between the connecting rod and the piston, the said sealing device surrounding the pin and abutting against the connecting rod and against the piston, the sealing device consisting of a ring disposed in an annular seat formed in one of these parts and having a. surface forming one side of 'a channel extending along the gudgeon pin, spring means serving to press the said sealing device against its seat, a crank pin, an antifriction bearing mounted thereon and sealing devices disposed on both sides of the antifriction bearing, there being an oil channelassociated' with the connecting rod for interconnecting the gudgeon pin channel and the crank pin bearing.

3. In a lubricating system for reciprocating machines, the combination with a frame having a piston cylinder, of a piston furnished with a gudgeon pin and mounted in the cylinder, an antifriction bearing on the gudgeon pin, a connecting rod having a portion surrounding such antifriction bearing, and a sealing device between the connecting rod and the piston, the said sealing device surrounding the pin and abutting against the connecting rod and against the piston, the sealing device consisting of a ring disposed in an annular seat formed in one of these parts and having a surface forming one side If a channel extending along the gudgeon pin, a crank pin, a roller bearing mounted thereon and hitting flanges for guiding the rollers in the bearing, such guide flanges being disposed and adapted to form sealing devices for the bearing, there being an oil channel interconnecting the gudgeon pin channel and the crank pin mm. 4. In a lubricating system for reciprocating machines, the combination with a frame having .a piston cylinder, of a piston furnished with a gudgeon pin and mounted'in the cylinder, an antifriction bearing on the gudgeon pin, a connecting rod having a portion surrounding such antifriction bearing, and a sealing device between the connectingrod and the piston, the said sealing device surrounding the pin and abutting against the connecting rod and against the pisa channel extending along the gudgeon pin,

spring means serving to press the said sealing device against its seat, a crank pin, an antifric- -tion bearing mounted thereon and sealing device disposed on both sides of the antifriction bearing, the sealing device being intended to seal against the crank pin, there being an oil channel associated with the connecting rod for interconnecting the gudgeon pin channel and the crank pin bearing.

5. In a lubricating system for reciprocating machines, the combination with a frame having a piston cylinder, of a piston Iurnished with a gudgeon pin and mounted in the cylinder, an antifriction bearing on a gudgeon pin, a connecting rod having a portion surrounding such antifriction bearing, and a sealing device surrounding the pin andabutting against the connecting rod and against the piston, the sealing device consisting of a ring disposed in an annular seat formed in one of these parts and having a surface forming one side of a channel extending along the gudgeon pin, spring means serving to press the said sealing device against its seat, a crank pin, an antifriction bearing mounted thereon and sealing devices disposed on both sides of the antifriction bearing, the sealing devices being extended to seal against the internal surface of the inner race ring of the antifriction bearing, there being an oil channel associated with the connecting rod for interconnecting the gudgeon pin channel and the crank pin bearing.

6. In a lubricating system for reciprocating machines the combination with a frame having a piston cylinder, a piston furnished with a gudgeon pin andmountedin the cylinder, an antifriction bearing on the gudgeon pin, a connecting rod having a portion surrounding such antifriction bearing, and an annular sealing device between the connecting rod and the piston, the said sealingdevice surrounding the gudgeon pin and abuttingwith one surface against-the connecting rod and with another surface aga .ist

the piston, and with its inner surface formingone side of a channel extending axially along the gudgeon pin.

7. A lubricating system according to claim 6, characterized by lifting means associated with the connecting rod and operated by the movement of the connecting rod, for raising the lubricant to the cylinder.

8. In a lubricating system for reciprocating machines the combination with a frame having a piston cylinder, main bearing housings, and a seat for a pair of main crankshaft bearings formed in the housings, of a crankshaft having a crankpin portion and two main bearing seats, a pair of main antifrlction crankshaft bearings located in the main bearing housing seats and mounted on the crankshaft seats, an antifriction bearing mounted on the crankpin, a piston located in the cylinder and carrying a wrist pin, an antiiriction' 'bearing mounted on the piston wrist pin, a. conforcing lubricant' between the races of at least one of the main bearingsand thence between the races of the crankpin bearing, means for forcing a portion of the lubricant from the crankpin bearingtothepistonpinbearingandbetween the piston'and the cylinder, whereby lubricant is conducted from the main crankshaft bearing to the cylinder walls through a-series of in the order named, all of such bearings being of I the antifriction type.

mm. mm: Kiri-EN.- 

